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(Alternative Version) The Nature of Hell: God’s Presence, Judgment, and Restoration

This book argues that hell is not separation from God but the painful experience of God’s inescapable, holy love by those who resist him. It compares major views of hell and explores whether the final outcome is destruction or eventual restoration.

Table of Contents


Chapter 1—The God I Almost Lost

Chapter 2—The Problem of Hell

Chapter 3—The Four Standard Options

Chapter 4—God Is Love, The Foundation of Everything

Chapter 5—The Western Distortion

Chapter 6—The Justice of God

Chapter 7—The Wrath of God

Chapter 8—The Fire of God

Chapter 9—Eternal Conscious Torment, The Case in Its Strongest Form

Chapter 10—The Fatal Problems with ECT

Chapter 11—The Choice Model

Chapter 12—Conditional Immortality

Chapter 13—Universalism, The Hope, the Tension, and the Question

Chapter 14—Introducing the Divine Presence Model

Chapter 15—The River of Fire

Chapter 16—The Philosophical Case

Chapter 17—Razing Hell, Baker, Gods Image, and the Purifying Presence

Chapter 18—Self-Deception, Sin, and the Hardening

Chapter 19—Hell as Natural Consequence

Chapter 20—Answering the Critics

Chapter 21—Hades and Gehenna

Chapter 22—The Fire Passages

Chapter 23—The Judgment Passages

Chapter 24—The Parables of Jesus and Hell

Chapter 25—Paul and the Purifying Fire

Chapter 26—Revelation, the Lake of Fire, and the Second Death

Chapter 27—The Conscious Intermediate State

Chapter 28—The Postmortem Opportunity

Chapter 29—The Last Judgment and the Final State

Chapter 30—Conditional Immortality, or Universal Reconciliation

Chapter 31—Can Anyone Choose Hell Forever

Chapter 32—The Consuming Love

Appendix A—Scripture Index

Appendix B—Annotated Bibliography

Appendix C—Glossary

Appendix D—Church Fathers Quick Reference


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